There are tongs in the corner, wherewith we grasped a coal, and“blowing for a little life, ” lighted our first candle; there is a shovel,wherewith were drawn forth the glowing embers, in which we saw our firstfancies and dreamed our first dreams; the shovel with which we stirred thelogs, until the sparks rushed up the chimney as if a forge was in blast below,and wished we had so many lambs, or so many marbles, or so many somethings thatwe coveted; and so it was that we wished our first wishes.
摘自《美国语文》中学课文第4课 Our OldGrandMother
各位老师好，
1. the shovel with which we stirred the logs 前面是否省略了There is ? 此句的 the shovel 指的是前一句的 a shovel ?
2. 你们觉得 wished we had so manylambs,……的主语是哪个？请指出哪一句的什么词是它的主语。
1）主语若是the shovel with which we中的we，那样就是：there is the shovelwith which we wished we had so many lambs, or so many marbles, or so manysomethings that we coveted; with which定语从句修饰the shovel,简化的意思就是“一把能让大家许愿的铲子”？
2）主语若是the spark, 那样 the spark wishedwe had so many lambs……，意思是：星火期望大家……貌似也不适合。
3）主语若是as if a forge 中的forge，那样意思是：熔铁炉期望大家……。
请老师帮忙剖析逻辑，谢谢老师。
1.此文中shovel 指的是同一个。在分号后，有时可以是名词性结构，可能不是完整的句子，这在文学作品里非常容易见到。你可以看作省略it is,但这种省略有强调用途。不要看作省略there be,由于there is a 可以，一般不需要the,而文中用的是the shovel。
2.在此语境，我读后的感觉是这里的wished的主语是we, we stirred the logs和wished we had so many lambs 是并列关系。虽然它们存在于同一个定语从句，但不可以理解为用shovel来许愿，shovel 是用来stirred the logs。wished是在这种情景下做出的事，并非依靠shovel才能wish. 这里其实等于with the shovel we stirred the logs，and then in this case we wished...
sparks 和forge 主如果说明火花为何那样多，那样高。这不是作者要说的重点，它们存在于从句中，是分支信息，更要紧的是强调许愿，所以放在句子后面，这也是尾重原则的道理。
个人理解，仅供参考。
