在上一讲中大家为你介绍了名义货币fiat money、信用货币credit money、信用方法credit instrument、信贷价值credit worthiness1。这一讲大家要谈谈货币的提供量和有关的一些 词语 。
要想对货币进行控制，就需要先要可以对它的量进行测定。经济学家用 Money 也就是钱这个英文词的开头字母M再加上几个阿拉伯数字来代表货币的提供量。
M-0: 货币提供量0，也叫 base money，最基本的货币提供量。指的是公众手中流通的货币。
M-1: 货币提供量1，狭义货币提供量，包含流通货币、银行活期存款、支票帐户等。
M-2: 货币提供量2，概念较宽些的货币，包含M1和银行的按期存款，但巨额按期存款不包含在内。
M-3: 货币提供量3，广义货币提供量，国家货币提供总量。
澳大利亚墨尔本大学商学院的哈珀教授说：
An economist2 recognises that there are different types of money and in attempting to measure the money supply, will try to add together as many of these as seems reasonable.
经济学家承认有不同类型的货币。为了衡量货币的提供量，大家要尽量多地把各种合乎情理的货币加在一块。
So we start with base money and then we'll have what's called M-1, which includes cheque accounts, demand deposits of banks ... and then M-2 which will include some savings3 deposits, some time deposits.
第一是基本货币提供量，第二是所谓的M-1，货币提供量之一，包含支票帐户、银行的活期存款等等。然后是M-2，货币提供量之二，包含一些活期储蓄帐户和按期存款。
And you work your way up these different definitions of money all the time getting broader and broader, until you end up with what most central banks will refer to as broad money, which is the broadest definition that's including as wide a set of financial obligations as it's reasonable to consider would be related to the business of exchange.
如此逐一来剖析所有这类货币提供量的不同概念，它的范围就会愈加宽广，最后就是广义货币 。这是概念最广泛的货币提供量，包含了所有能被觉得是与商业买卖活动有关的金融往来。
